Monday, October 14, 2013

TWC Session 8: Energy and World Change


Brief Overview

This session’s lesson was on energy and how it is constantly being depleted by our excessive usage. According to statistics in the lecture slides, “if everyone consumed as much energy as the average Singaporean and US resident, the world’s oil reserves would be depleted in 9 years”. The lecture then went on to explain the various types of energy sources available and also how sustainable energy sources can be encouraged by various measures for a Green Economy.

Interesting Observations

As the world is starting to gain awareness on the importance of sustainable forms of energy, it is interesting to note that Brazil’s gasohol programme is already almost 40 years old. Brazil is regarded as the first sustainable biofuel economy, and is a policy model for other countries. Burning of ethanol fuel releases significantly less Carbon Dioxide than conventional burning of fossil fuels. According to statistics, can ethanol produces 56% less Carbon Dioxide. This is beneficial to our Earth, which is facing increasing concerns of global warming and greenhouse effect.

However, there is always an argument on how these lands should be used. While Brazil uses a huge portion of their land to farm sugarcanes for energy, many people in Brazil are still suffering from hunger. So the question is always whether food production is more important or energy production is more important. From environmentalist point of view, cane ethanol is definitely viable form of sustainable energy source, however for hunger activists, the planting of sugar cane for energy is definitely a major source of concern.

It is also interesting to note that photovoltaics produce significantly high amounts of electrical energy per square kilometer of land. Photovoltaic is the method to generate electricity form the solar energy by converts energy from the sun directly to electricity. The lecture slides state that photovoltaics can generate substantial amounts of energy; I feel that this piece of statistic does not apply across the board. The efficiency of the photovoltaics varies between different conditions and different geographical areas. In a sunny Singapore, for instance, the efficiency of these solar panels are definitely very high. However, in the places like St Petersburg in Russia, where the city is only exposed to 6 hours of sunlight on some days, this piece of technology can be extremely ineffective.

Despite that, I do agree that photovoltaic is an extremely viable option to look into for our future energy. It provides several key benefits compared to conventional burning of fossil fuels. It is extremely clean with zero emissions of harmful gas. Moreover it is a largely inexhaustible form of energy as opposed to the fossil fuels, which are running out at an alarming rate.

Key Takeaway Points

I learnt in this lesson that sometimes, decisions that are beneficial to the society in the long run may not be perceived as favorable to the general public. It is therefore important for government to help push green technology forward with legislation and other tools. Due the high costs of clean energy, people are often reluctant to change to cleaner sources because they do not gain substantial personal benefits. Thus if the government can create incentives to individuals to change to green technology, it would result in significant increases in the conversion to green energy. For example, officials in Sao Paolo implemented a policy that requires new residential, commercial and industrial buildings to install solar water heating systems (SWH) to cover at least 40% of the energy used for heating water. Regulations like this helps to kick start the acquisition of green technologies. When these green technologies become more widespread, the cost of the technology will be spread over a larger consumer population, causing the price to decrease. Until then, policies are needed provide the incentive to change.


Issues for further discussion

Is biomass and waste energy as energy source cause of concern in the future?

I feel that biomass is definitely an avenue that can be ventured into for renewable source of energy. The cost of this energy source is extremely and thus can be accepted by consumers more easily. The major problem will be to reduce the negative stigmas relating to the use of waste. Like the implementation of clean water in Singapore, there was strong negative reaction to the “sewage water” for drinking. But gradually over time, there was acceptance for this piece of technology when people realized that the water was no different from other water sources.

Personal rating

This lesson provided me with some mind blowing statistics and helped cleared several misconceptions of mine. For example, I once believed that solar energy and waste energy was extremely inefficient, but after the lesson I realized the vast potentials of these energy sources. Thus I give this lesson a rating of 9/10.

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